fganh dks
le`) djrh oSdfYid i=dkfjrk
&jke'kadj
¼ys[kd egkRek xkaèkh
varjjk"Vªh; fganh foÜofo|ky;
esa tulapkj fo"k; esa
ih,p-Mh- 'kksèkkFkÊ ,oa ICSSR M‚DVksjy fjlpZ Q+syks gSaA
bZesy&ramshankarpal108@gmail-com½
fganh esa oSdfYid i=dkfjrk dk ç'u
jk"VªHkk"kk vkSj [kM+h cksyh ds fodkl ls Hkh lacafèkr jgk gSA fganh
Hkk"kk fodkl dh iwjh çfØ;k esa fganh i=dkfjrk ds Hkk"kk
fo'ys"k.k ds ekè;e ls le>h tk ldrh gSA bl fodkl esa Hkk"kk ds çfr
tkx:d oSdfYid i=dkjksa dk viuk viuk ;ksxnku fganh dks feyrk jgk gSA ;s i=dkj
fganh Hkk"kh Hkh Fks vkSj blds vykok vU; Hkk"kh Hkh FksA buesa ls dbZ
fganh cksyh {ks=ksa ds Fks] dqN igys lkfgR;dkj Fks] ckn esa i=dkj cus] rks dqN
us i=dkfjrk ls 'kq: djds lkfgR; txr esa viuk LFkku cuk;kA bu lHkh us vf[ky Hkkjrh;
Lrj ij cksyh vkSj le>h tkus okyh Hkk"kk fganh ds fy, viuk iwjk thou
lefiZr fd;kA buds fy, fganh vkSj jk"Vªh;rk ,d nwljs ds i;kZ; FksA ;s i=dkj
fHkUu&fHkUu Hkk"kk ifjos'kksa ds gksus ds ckotwn budh 'kSyh oSfoè;
viuh pje voLFkk esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
orZeku
esa tc ge oSdfYid i=dkfjrk dh ckr djrs gS] rks gekjs tsgu esa x.ks'k 'kadj
fo|kFkÊ] çsepan tSls laiknd vkSj fo'kky Hkkjr] foIyo] gal tSlh if=dk,a vk tkrh
gSa A rc ;g Hkys gh yxHkx eq[;èkkjk ds v[kckj o if=dk,a Fkh ij buds lkekftd
ljksdkj] budh çfrc)rk vkSj vfHkO;fä dh vktknh oSdfYid i=dkfjrk ljh[kh FkhA
èkeZ;qx] fganqLrku lkIrkfgd] lkfjdk] fnueku tSlh if=dk,a cM+s çfr"Bkuksa
ls fudyus ds ckotwn ,d cM+s oxZ ds ikBd rd igq¡p j[krh Fkh A ml le; bu lHkh if=dkvksa dk tks'k o mRlkg pje ij FkkA
orZeku esa mÙkj çns'k ds cqUnsy[kaM ls xzkeh.k efgykvksa }kjk fudyus okyk
lekpkji= ^[kcj ygfj;k* ,d ikf{kd lekpkj i= gS] tks ogka dh leL;kvksa dks
çdkf'kr djrk gSA ;g v[kckj oSdfYid i=dfjrk ds çfreku çfrLFkkfir djrk gSA bu
lHkh oSdfYid if=dkvksa us lekt esa ,d ubZ lksp o le> fodflr dh gS ,oa iqjkuh
:f<+oknh fopkjèkkjk dks ifjofrZr djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk dh gSA vkt
vfèkdka'k vfu;rdkyhu if=dk,a rks flQZ blfy, fudkyh tkrh gSa] rkfd tc foKkiuksa
dk tqxkM+ gks tk;s lekpkj lkexzh ds lkFk vad ckt+kj esa pyk tk;A oSdfYid ehfM;k
ds ekè;e ls vkt xzkeh.k tui{k dh vkokt cqyan gks jgh gSA
oSdfYid i=dkfjrk dks ge fe'kujh i=dkfjrk
Hkh dg ldrs gS] tks fdlh ,d [kkl oxZ ds fy, u gksdj ,d lkekU; oxZ ds fparu ij
foe'kZ djrh FkhA oSdfYid i=dkfjrk dk ;g lkSHkkX; jgk fd le; vkSj lekt ds çfr
tkx:d vketu ls tqM+s i=dkjksa us fuf'pr y{; ds fy, blls vius dks tksM+kA
oSdfYid i=dkfjrk dks ysdj vkt xgu foe'kZ fd, tk jgs gSaA oSdfYid i=dkfjrk ds
y{; Fks jk"Vªh;rk] lkaL—frd mRFkku vkSj yksdtkxj.k ds fy, tuekul esa
çsj.kk dk ,d l'kä LojA fganh ds fodklØe esa dqN oSdfYid i=dkj çdk'kLraHk cus]
ftUgksaus vius le; esa Hkh viuh mifLFkfr ntZ djk;h vkSj vusd ÅtkZoku uo
i=dkjksa dks fe'kujh ¼y{;osèkh½ i=dkfjrk
ds fy, rS;kj fd;kA okLro esa og iwjk 'kq:vkrh le; fganh i=dkfjrk dk Lo.kZ;qx
dgk tk ldrk gSA fganh ds xkSjo dks LFkkfir djus] fganh lkfgR; dks cgqeq[kh
cukus] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh jpukvksa dks fganh esa ykus] fganh
Hkk"kk vkSj nsoukxjh fyfi ds egRo ij fVIi.kh djus rFkk bu lcds lkFk
lkekftd mRFkku dk fujarj ç;Ru djus esa ;s lHkh i=dkj vius vius le; esa vxz.kh
jgsA
fganh çnhi*
ds laiknd cky—".k Hkê dsoy i=dkj gh ugha] ,d egku lkfgR;dkj Hkh FksA
fofHkUu foèkkvksa esa mUgksaus jpuk,¡ dha ftUgsa i<+us ij ;g irk pyrk gS fd Hkê th dh 'kSyh
esa fdruk vkst vkSj çHkko FkkA ljy vkSj eqgkojsnkj fganh fy[kuk mUgha ls vkxs
vius okys i=dkjksa us lh[kkA ,d rks mUgksaus fuHkÊd i=dkfjrk dks tUe fn;k]
nwljs xaHkhj ys[ku esa Hkh lgtrk cuk, j[kus dh 'kSyh fufeZr dh] rhljs fganh
lkfgR; dh leh{kk dks mUgksaus ç'kLr fd;k vkSj pkSFks fganh i=dkfjrk ij fczfV'k
lkezkT; ds fdlh Hkh çdkj ds vR;kpkj dk mUgksaus [kqydj fojksèk fd;kA
Hkkjrsanq gfj'paæ dh dfoopu lqèkk]
gfj'paæ eSxthu] gfj'paæ pafædk] ckykcksfèkuh fganh oSdfYid i=dkfjrk ds gh ugha]
vkèkqfud fganh dh egRoiw.kZZ i= if=dk,¡ ekuh tkrh gSaA Hkkjrsanq us vius i=ksa
vkSj ukVdksa ds }kjk vkèkqfud fganh x| dks bl rjg fodflr djus dk ç;Ru fd;k fd
og tulkèkkj.k rd igq¡p ldsA laL—r vkSj mnZw
nksuksa dh vfrokfnrk ls fganh dks cpkrs gq, mUgksaus cksypky dh fganh
dks gh lkfgfR;drk çnku djds ,slh 'kSyh 'kq: dh tks okLro esa fganh dh dsaæh;
'kSyh Fkh vkSj ftls ckn esa egkRek xkaèkh vkSj çsepan us *fganqLrkuh* dgdj
vf[ky Hkkjrh; O;ogkj dh ekU;rk çnku dhA Hkkjrsanq ds fy, LoHkk"kk dh mUufr
gh lHkh çdkj dh mUufr;ksa dk ewykèkkj FkhA *ckykcksfèkuh* efgykvksa ij dsafær
fganh dh igyh oSdfYid if=dk gS] ftlesa efgykvksa us fy[kk vkSj Hkkjrsanq dh
çsj.kk ls vusd efgyk,¡ fganh i=dkfjrk ds {ks= esa vk;hA Kku foKku dh fn'kk esa
fganh i=dkfjrk dks le`) djus dk dk;Z Hkh Hkkjrsanq us gh igyh ckj fd;kA bfrgkl]
foKku vkSj lektksi;ksxh lkef;d fo"k;ksa ij mudh if=dkvksa esa mR—"V
lkexz Nirh FkhA vkt ds le; ds yksx Hkys gh bu if=dkvksa dks ml le; dh eq[;èkkjk
dh if=dk ekurk gks] ysfdu eq[; :i ls ;s if=dk,¡ viuh ,d lekt ds dqN mís';ksa
dks ysdj gh pyk;h tk jgh FkhA
czkã.k ds laiknd çrki ukjk;.k feJ vkèkqfud fganh ds lpsru i=dkj ekus tk ldrs
gSaA mUgksaus fganh x| vkSj i| nksuksa dks u;k :i ,oa laLdkj fn;kA buds le; rd
çpfyr fganh ;k rks vjch&Qkjlh fefJr Fkh] ;k laL—rfu"B] vFkok mlesa
Hkkjrsanq dh rjg cksfy;ksa dk vlarqfyr feJ.k FkkA feJ th us Bksl fganh x| dks
tUe fn;kA ns'kt] mnZw vkSj laL—r dk ftruk lqanj fefJr ç;ksx feJ th esa feyrk
gS] oSlk vU;= nqyZHk gSA os fganh dh ç—fr dks ,d fof'k"V 'kSyh esa
<kyus okys igys i=dkj FksA
egkeuk enueksgu ekyoh; ds i=]
fganksLFkku] vH;qn;] e;kZnk dk fganh ds çfr –f"Vdks.k cM+k gh –<+ FkkA
os fganh ds dêj leFkZd FksA vf[ky Hkkjrh; fganh lkfgR; lEesyu dh LFkkiuk
mUgksaus vius blh fganh çse ds dkj.k dh FkhA os le;≤ ij vusd i=ksa ls
lac) gq,A fganh ds çfr mudk –f"Vdks.k cgqr lkQ Fkk fd fganh Hkk"kk
vkSj ukxjh v{kj ds }kjk gh jk"Vªh; ,drk fl) gks ldrh gSA ukxjh çpkfj.kh
lHkk] dk'kh fganw foÜofo|ky; vkSj fganh çdk'ku eaMy dh LFkkiuk djds mUgksaus ;g
fl) dj fn;k fd fganh Hkk"kk vkSj Hkkjrh; laL—fr ds mRFkku dk jkLrk gh
Hkkjr ds mRFkku dk ,d ek= jkLrk gSA ekyoh; th ok.kh ds èkuh Fks] ftruk
çHkko'kkyh cksyrs Fks] mruk gh çHkko'kkyh fy[krs FksA fganh Hkk"kk dk vkst
mudh i=dkfjrk ls çdkf'kr gksrk gSA
fganh vkSj mnZw] nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa
dh i=dkfjrk dks çfrf"Br djus okys ckcw ckyeqdqan xqIr us
v[kckjs&pqukj] fganh caxoklh] Hkkjrfe= esa i=dkfjrk dks lkfgR; fuekZ.k vkSj
Hkk"kk fparu dk Hkh ekè;e cuk;kA
vkpk;Z egkohj çlkn f}osnh ¼ljLorh½ fganh i=dkfjrk ds ,d lEekfur
iq#"k gSaA fganh ds çfr mudh èkkj.kk –<+ FkhA os mls lqxfBr] lqO;ofLFkr
vkSj loZekU; Lo:i çnku djuk pkgrs FksA *ljLorh* ds ekè;e ls fganh dks ubZ xfr
vkSj 'kfä nsus dk tks dk;Z fd;k] mldk dksbZ fodYi ugha gSA viuh –<+rk ds
pyrs gh mUgksaus vusd i=dkjksa vkSj lkfgR;dkjksa dks [kM+hcksyh fganh esa
fy[kus ds fy, çsfjr fd;k vkSj *ljLorh* esa Nkidj mUgsa LFkkfir fd;kA f}osnh th
us fganh Hkk"kk ds ifj"dkj dk vFkd ç;Ru fd;k vkSj fganh esa ys[kdksa
dh ,d tekr rS;kj dj fn;kA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd fgUnh ds x| vkSj i| dks vyx dj
ns[kuk mfpr ugha gSA
NÙkhlx< fe= vkSj deZohj lkekftd
ifjorZu gsrq viuk fganh oSdfYid i= fudky dj ekèko jko lçs us fganh ds çfr
jk"Vªh;rk fd tks Nki NksM+h gS fuf'pr rkSj ij ge dg ldrs gS fd og fganh ds
leiZ.k ls gh laHko gSA mudk dguk Fkk]
*eSa egkjk"Vªh; gw¡] ijarq fganh ds fo"k; esa eq>s mruk gh vfHkeku
gS ftruk fdlh Hkh fganh Hkk"kh dks gks ldrk gSA eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd bl
jk"VªHkk"kk ds lkeus Hkkjro"kZ dk çR;sd O;fä bl ckr dks Hkwy tk,
fd eSa egkjk"Vªh; gw¡] caxkyh gw¡] xqtjkrh gw¡ ;k enjklh gw¡A*
fganh ds 'kh"kZLFk dFkkdkj çsepan dk
,d çsjd Lo:i muds tkx:d i=dkj ds :i esa Hkh gS A *ekèkqjh*] *tkxj.k* vkSj *gal*
dk laiknu djds mUgksaus viuh bl çfrHkk dk Hkh mR—"V mnkgj.k is'k fd;k vkSj
fganqLrkuh 'kSyh dks loZxzká rFkk yksdfç; cukus dk egRo dk;Z fd;kA
deZohj] çHkk vkSj çrki esa ek[kuyky
prqoZsnh us lkfgR;] lekt vkSj jktuhfr] rhuksa dks viuh i=dkfjrk esa lesVdj
lEiknu fd;kA mudh lkfgR; lkèkuk Hkh vn~Hkqr FkhA muds Hkk"k.k vkSj ys[ku
esa bruh èkkj Fkh fd os lekt ls tqM+s eqíksa dks ,d dq'ky rjhds ls vius ys[ku
esa lesr ysrs FksA mudk ;g Lo:i Hkh muds i=ksa ds fy, ojnku lkfcr gqvkA mudk
ys[ku fganh Hkk"kk ds çkaty ç;ksx dk mnkgj.k gSA mudk ;g dguk Fkk fd *,slk
fy[kks ftlesa vugksukiu gks] ,slk cksyks ftl ij nqgjkgV ds nkx u iM+s gks*A
x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkÊ us vH;qn; vkSj çrki
esa fganh i=dkfjrk esa cfynku vkSj vkpj.k dk vej lans'k çlkfjr fd;k vkSj fganh
Hkk"kk dks vkstLoh ys[ku dk eqgkojk çnku fd;kA
Lokra«;ksÙkj fganh i=dkfjrk esa vKs; us
çrhd] u;k çrhd] fnueku]vkSj uoHkkjr VkbEl dks lkfgfR;d i=dkfjrk dks uohu
fn'kkvksa dh vksj eksM+kA *'kCn* ds çfr os lpsr Fks blfy, Hkk"kk vkSj dkO;
Hkk"kk ij *çrhd* esa laikndh;] ys[k] ppk,¡] ifjppkZ,a çdkf'kr gksrh jgrh
FkhaA vKs; us *fnueku* ds ekè;e ls jktuSfrd leh{kk vkSj lekpkj foospu dh 'kSyh
fganh esa fodflr dhA mUgksaus *uoHkkjr VkbEl* ds lkfgfR;d& lkaL—frd
ifjf'k"V dks Å¡pkbZ çnku dh ftlls fd nSfud i= dk ikBd Hkh buds egRo dks
le>us yxkA
fnueku] çrki] gfj'paæ eSxthu] gfj'paæ
pafædk] ckykcksfèkuh ]ljLorh vkfn cgqr ls v[kckj o if=dk,¡ ml nkSjku eq[;èkkjk
dh Hkwfedk esa Fkh ijarq dgha u dgha eq[;èkkjk ds fodYi ds :i esa lekt esa
fgUnh dks l'kä cukus esa egkoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu dj jgh FkhA ;s v[kckj o
if=dk,¡ fganh oSdfYid i=dkfjrk ds gh ugha] vkèkqfud fganh dh egRoiw.kZ i=
if=dk,¡ ekuh tkrh jgh gSaA NBs n'kd ls
fganh esa fofHkUu u,&u, {ks=ksa dh i=dkfjrk dk mHkkj fn[kkbZ nsus yxrk gSA
blds fy, fganh dks ubZ 'kCnkoyh vkSj vfHkO;fä;ksa dh vko';drk iM+hA okLro esa
fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk ls ckátxr dh ladYiukvksa dks viuh Hkk"kk esa ys vkuk
vkSj fQj mUgsa LFkkfir dj yksdfç; cukuk vklku dke ugha gS ysfdu i=dkfjrk ges'kk
ls bl dfBu dk;Z dks viuh iwjh n{krk vkSj nwj–f"V ls lkèkrh jgh gSA
fu"d"kZ&
la{ksi
esa dgk tk, rks oSdfYid fganh i=dkfjrk
us le; ds lkFk pyrs gq, vkSj uohurk ds vkxzg dks viukrs gq, lkekftd vko';drk ds
rgr fganh Hkk"kk fodkl dk dk;Z vR;ar rRijrk] oSKkfudrk vkSj nwj–f"V
ls fd;k gSA lgt laçs"k.kh; Hkk"kk esa ubZ ladYiukvksa dks O;ä djus ds
fy, Hkk"kk&fuekZ.k ;k dgsa ç;qfä&fodkl dk tSlk vkn'kZ fcuk fdlh
ljdkjh lg;ksx ;k ncko ds fganh i=dkfjrk us cukdj fn[kk;k gS] mls
Hkk"kkfodkl vFkok Hkk"kkfu;kstu esa lkexzh fu;kstu ¼d‚iZl MsoysiesaV½
dh vkn'kZ fLFkfr dgk tk ldrk gSA fu"d"kZ ds :i esa ;g dguk mfpr gh
gksxk dh le;karj tSlh oSdfYid if=dk,¡ fganh dh 'kksèkijd Hkwfedk vnk dj jgh gS
A
lanHkZ ,oa
xzaFk lwph&
1-
jkexksiky] ^Lora=rk&iwoZ
fgUnh ds la?k"kZ dk bfrgkl* ¼1964½] fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu] ç;kx
2-
oekZ]y{eh dkUr ^fgUnh vkanksyu*
¼1964½] fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu] ç;kx
3-
prqoZsnh] txnhÜoj ,oa flag]
lqèkk ^fMftVy ;qx esa ekldYpj vkSj
foKkiu*] vukfedk ifCy'klZ ,aM fMLVªhC;wVlZ çk-¼fy-½ nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh
4-
prqoZsnh] txnhÜoj ,oa flag ^oSdfYid
ehfM;k yksdra= vkSj u‚e pkseLdh* ¼2008½ vukfedk ifCy'klZ ,aM fMLVªhC;wVlZ
çk-¼fy-½ nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh
5-
dkSlY;k;u] Hknar vkuan¼la-½ ^jk"VªHkk"kk
dh leL;k,¡* fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu] ç;kx
6-
okpLifr]vfouk'k ,oa
çHkkr]johæ ¼la-½ ^fganh Cy‚fxax vfHkO;fä ubZ Økafr* ¼2011½fganh lkfgR;
fudsru fctukSj
8-
pksiM+k èkuat;] i=dkfjrk
rc ls vc rd] ¼2007½ mÙkj çns'k fganh
laLFkku] y[kuÅ
कोई टिप्पणी नहीं:
एक टिप्पणी भेजें